The word all horse owners dread….LAMINITIS! It is possible for any horse to develop this condition but it has shown to be more common in ponies and smaller ‘stockier’ types. Our native breeds such as Connemara pony are particularly exposed. By learning and understanding the condition, in some cases we can minimise the risks in developing this chronic condition and in the long term, improve overall equine welfare.  

Laminitis explained

Laminitis refers to the inflammation and disruption of blood flow to the sensitive Laminae in the hoof. The Laminae plays an important role in stabilising the bones in the foot. The pedal bone (or coffin bone) is the equivalent to the top of a human middle finger. Similar to a human fingernail, the hoof wall is attached to the pedal bone by a strong dermal-epidermal bond. When inflammation occurs, the integrity of this important bond is compromised, leading to serious damage to bones and soft tissues.

Laminitis can occur in three different scenarios. 

• Disease associated with inflammation – colic, pneumonia, retained placenta, sepsis
• Endocrine disease – Cushings, Equine Metabolic Syndrome
• Mechanical overload – common with injury in one leg, the opposite leg takes on the extra load, ironically, the uninjured leg becomes a higher risk for laminitis
• Obesity – This could be considered part of a mechanical overload, however as this one of the most common and potentially preventable causes it should be highlighted as its own category

What are the signs?

• Lameness – difficulty on hard ground or turning
• Heat in foot
• Increased digital pulse
• Painful response to hoof testers
• “Rocking horse stance” (see picture)
• Shifting weight frequently

Prevention

• Weight management – Maintaining a healthy body weight through a balanced diet and daily exercise. If the horse has an existing metabolic condition e.g. Cushings or EMS this can be more challenging but certainly not impossible with the correct measures in place.
• Diet – Low starch, high fibre diet is best. Contact an equine nutritionist for advice on a suitable diet plan.
• Turn out – Manage turn out accordingly. Pasture with lush grass should be avoided. Keep in mind that the Fructan levels in the grass vary between seasons and times of day.
• Hoof care – It is vital to keep up to date with a good hoof care routine. Whether they are shod or barefoot.
• Worming – Keep up to date with your worming programme to avoid parasite outbreaks which could hinder gut health

Laminitis does not actually cause death however if the condition progresses to the point where there is irreversible damage to the foot and surrounding structures, the quality of life must be considered and it may be in the best interest of the horse to be euthanized.

If you suspect Laminitis…

• CALL YOUR VET IMMEDIATELY
• Minimise movement
• Keep them hydrated
• Cryotherapy – cold hose or ice boots over the foot to reduce inflammation